top of page
Library

References and further reading

Bacila, I., J. Adaway, J. Hawley, S. Mahdi, R. Krone, L. Patel, S. Alvi, T. Randell, E. Gevers, M. Dattani, T. Cheetham, A. Kyriakou, L. Schiffer, F. Ryan, E. Crowne, J. H. Davies, S. F. Ahmed, B. Keevil and N. Krone (2019).

"Measurement of salivary adrenal-specific androgens as biomarkers of therapy control in 21-hydroxylase deficiency."

J Clin Endocrinol Metab.  DOI

Bancos, I., H. Kim, H. K. Cheng, M. Rodriguez-Lee, H. Coope, S. Cicero, H. Goldsmith, V. H. Lin and G. S. Jeha (2025).

"Glucocorticoid therapy in classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: traditional and new treatment paradigms." Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism: 1-17.  

DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2025.2450423

Blair, J., J. Adaway, B. Keevil and R. Ross (2017).

"Salivary cortisol and cortisone in the clinical setting." Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 24(3): 161-168.

DOI. 

Debono, M., C. J. Elder, J. Lewis, J. Fearnside, S. Caunt, S. Dixon, R. M. Jacques, J. Newell-Price, M. J. Whitaker, B. Keevil and R. J. Ross (2023).

"Home Waking Salivary Cortisone to Screen for Adrenal Insufficiency." NEJM Evidence 2(2).

DOI: 10.1056/EVIDoa2200182

Ekbom, K., S. Lajic, H. Falhammar and A. Nordenstrom (2023).

"Transition readiness in adolescents and young adults living with congenital adrenal hyperplasia." Endocr Pract.

DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2023.01.010

Ekbom, K., A. Strandqvist, S. Lajic, A. Hirschberg, H. Falhammar and A. Nordenstrom (2022).

"The impact of adherence and therapy regimens on quality of life in patients with congenital adrenal hyperplasia." Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 96(5): 666-679.

DOI: 10.1111/cen.14676

Falhammar, H., A. Nordenström and M. Thorén (2012).

Anthropometry in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia. Handbook of Anthropometry: 2373-2389.

DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1788-1_146

Falhammar, H., L. Frisen, A. L. Hirschberg, C. Norrby, C. Almqvist, A. Nordenskjold and A. Nordenstrom (2015).

"Increased Cardiovascular and Metabolic Morbidity in Patients With 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: A Swedish Population-Based National Cohort Study." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100(9): 3520-3528. DOI

Falhammar, H., S. Lajic and A. Nordenstrom (2025).

"Recent advances in treatments for congenital adrenal hyperplasia." Nat Rev Endocrinol.

DOI: 10.1038/s41574-025-01089-w

Ftouh, S., M. Zucker, A. Tran, S. Tollerfield, K. Williams, H. Simpson and G. Guideline Development (2025).

"Adrenal insufficiency: identification and management-summary of new NICE guidance." BMJ 389: r330.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.r330

Goncalves, E. M., A. M. Silva, C. N. Matias, S. H. Lemos-Marini, A. O. Santos and G. Guerra-Junior (2013).

"Estimation of percent body fat based on anthropometric measurements in children and adolescents with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency." Clin Nutr 32(1): 45-50.

DOI

Han, T. S., G. S. Conway, D. S. Willis, N. Krone, D. A. Rees, R. H. Stimson, W. Arlt, B. R. Walker, R. J. Ross and E. United Kingdom Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Adult Study (2014).

"Relationship between final height and health outcomes in adults with congenital adrenal hyperplasia: United Kingdom congenital adrenal hyperplasia adult study executive (CaHASE)." J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99(8): E1547-1555.  DOI

Kirschbaum, C. (2024).

"What is hair cortisol analysis and how can it aid endocrinologists?" Expert Review of Endocrinology & Metabolism: 1-2.

DOI: org/10.1080/17446651.2024.2365786

Lawrence, N. R., I. Bacila, J. Dawson, S. Mahdi, S. Alvi, T. D. Cheetham, E. Crowne, U. Das, M. T. Dattani, J. H. Davies, E. Gevers, R. E. Krone, L. Patel, T. Randell, F. J. Ryan, B. Keevil, S. F. Ahmed and N. P. Krone (2023).

"Quality of Life in children and young people with Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia - UK nationwide multicentre assessment." J Clin Endocrinol Metab.

DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad405.

Martins-Silva, T., R. C. Martins, J. Murray, A. M. Carvalho, L. N. Rickes, B. d. F. Corrêa, B. B. Fraga, C. B. Brum, D. F. Freitas, F. D. T. Meyer, M. X. Carpena, L. M. Goularte, A. Gonzalez, I. O. d. Oliveira and L. Tovo-Rodrigues (2025).

"Hair cortisol measurement: A systematic review of current practices and a proposed checklist for reporting standards." Psychoneuroendocrinology 171.

DOI

McCracken, C., O. Kaabi, M. Crawford, M. D. Gardner, D. Getahun, M. Goodman, B. Sorouri Khorashad, T. L. Lash, D. Roblin, S. Vupputuri, R. Yacoub, P. W. Speiser, P. A. Lee and D. E. Sandberg (2024).

"Anthropometric Measures Among Children and Teens With Classic 46,XX Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia in Relation to Improvements in Diagnosis and Care." Endocrine Practice.

DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.09.005

Mirzaian, M., S. K. M. van Zundert, W. F. Schilleman, M. Mohseni, S. Kuckuck, E. F. C. van Rossum, R. H. N. van Schaik and S. A. A. van den Berg (2023).

"Determination of cortisone and cortisol in human scalp hair using an improved LC-MS/MS-based method." Clin Chem Lab Med.

DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2023-0341

Moloney, S., N. Murphy and J. Collin (2015).

"An overview of the nursing issues involved in caring for a child with adrenal insufficiency." Nursing children and young people 27(7): 28 - 36. DOI.

Nooyens, A., L. Koppes, T. Visscher, J. W. R. Twisk, H. Kemper, A. Schuit and W. van Mechelen (2007).

"Adolescent skinfold thickness is a better predictor of high body fatness in adults than is body mass index: the Amsterdam Growth and Health Longitudinal Study." Am J Clin Nutr 85: 1533 - 1539. 

DOI

Novak, D. (2021).

"A Novel Saliva Collection Method among Children and Infants: A Comparison Study between Oral Swab and Pacifier-based Saliva Collection." The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 22(1): 9-12. DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3028

Pofi, R., X. Ji, N. P. Krone and J. W. Tomlinson (2023).

"Long-term health consequences of congenital adrenal hyperplasia." Clin Endocrinol (Oxf).

 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14967

Reisch, N., W. Arlt and N. Krone (2011).

"Health problems in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency." Horm Res Paediatr 76(2): 73-85

DOI 

Righi, B., S. R. Ali, J. Bryce, J. W. Tomlinson, W. Bonfig, F. Baronio, E. C. Costa, G. Guaragna-Filho, G. T'Sjoen, M. Cools, R. Markosyan, T. Bachega, M. C. Miranda, V. Iotova, H. Falhammar, F. Ceccato, M. R. Stancampiano, G. Russo, E. Daniel, R. J. Auchus, R. J. Ross and S. F. Ahmed (2023).

"Long-term cardiometabolic morbidity in young adults with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency congenital adrenal hyperplasia." Endocrine.

DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03330-w

Russell, E., G. Koren, M. Rieder and S. Van Uum (2012).

"Hair cortisol as a biological marker of chronic stress: current status, future directions and unanswered questions." Psychoneuroendocrinology 37(5): 589-601.

DOI

Sarafoglou, K. and R. J. Auchus (2025).

"Future Directions in the Management of Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 110 (Supplement_1): S74-S87.

DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae759

Sekhon, M., M. Cartwright and J. J. Francis (2017).

"Acceptability of healthcare interventions: an overview of reviews and development of a theoretical framework." BMC Health Serv Res 17(1): 88. 

DOI

Singh Solorzano, C., B. Serwinski, C. Grano and A. Steptoe (2023).

"Longitudinal association between saliva and hair cortisol concentration: A systematic comparison." Psychoneuroendocrinology 156: 106340.

10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106340

Speiser, P. W., W. Arlt, R. J. Auchus, L. S. Baskin, G. S. Conway, D. P. Merke, H. F. L. Meyer-Bahlburg, W. L. Miller, M. H. Murad, S. E. Oberfield and P. C. White (2018).

"Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to Steroid 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline." J Clin Endocrinol Metab

DOI

Tonge JJ, Keevil BG, Craig JN, Whitaker MJ, Ross RJ, Elder CJ.

Salivary Steroid Collection in Children Under Conditions Replicating Home Sampling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2022 Nov 23;107(11):3128-3136. DOI

Valentine-Graves, M., E. Hall, J. L. Guest, E. Adam, R. Valencia, K. Shinn, I. Hardee, T. Sanchez, A. J. Siegler and P. S. Sullivan (2020).

"At-home self-collection of saliva, oropharyngeal swabs and dried blood spots for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis and serology: Post-collection acceptability of specimen collection process and patient confidence in specimens." PLoS One 15(8): e0236775.

DOI

Wester, V. L. and E. F. van Rossum (2015).

"Clinical applications of cortisol measurements in hair." Eur J Endocrinol 173(4): M1-10. DOI

Witchel, S. F., T. Miller, E. McCann and A. Gupta (2025).

"Life With Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia Due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency: Challenges and Burdens." The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 110 (Supplement_1): S56-S66.

DOI

bottom of page